Interactions between hydrogen and the (112¯1) twin boundary in hexagonal close-packed titanium

In hexagonal close-packed titanium, the interactions between the $\left(11\overline{2}1\right)$ twin boundary (TB) and hydrogen solute atoms with several different concentrations are investigated by using first-principles calculations. The preferential occupation sites of hydrogen atoms in the $\left(11\overline{2}1\right)$ TB region are searched and vary with the amount of hydrogen. Both the shift of the TB and the diffusion of hydrogen atoms, as well as the mutual effect on the movement of each other, are studied. The energy barriers of the TB shift increase with the hydrogen concentration. Additionally, the simulated tensile tests are applied for several systems with co-existing $\left(11\overline{2}1\right)$ TB and hydrogen atoms, and different geometry transformation behaviors at different hydrogen concentrations are found under the increasing tensile strain.     

Multi-objective optimization of shield construction parameters based on random forests and NSGA-II

Metro shield construction will inevitably cause changes in the stress and strain state of the surrounding soil, resulting in stratum deformation and surface settlement (SS), which will seriously endanger the safety of nearby buildings, roads and underground pipe networks. Therefore, in the design and construction stage, optimizing the shield construction parameters (SCP) is the key to reducing the SS rate and increasing the safe driving speed (DS). However, optimization of existing SCP are challenged by the need to construct a unified multiobjective model for optimization that are efficient, convenient, and widely applicable. This paper innovatively proposes a hybrid intelligence framework that combines random forest (RF) and non-dominant classification genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), which overcomes the shortcomings of time-consuming and high cost for the establishment and verification of traditional prediction models. First, RF is used to rank the importance of 10 influencing factors, and the nonlinear mapping relationship between the main SCP and the two objectives is constructed as the fitness function of the NSGA-II algorithm. Second, a multiobjective optimization framework for RF-NSGA-II is established, based on which the optimal Pareto front is calculated, and reasonable optimized control ranges for the SCP are obtained. Finally, a case study in the Wuhan Rail Transit Line 6 project is examined. The results show that the SS is reduced by 12.5% and the DS is increased by 2.5% with the proposed framework. Meanwhile, the prediction results are compared with the back-propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT). The findings indicate that the RF-NSGA-II framework can not only meet the requirements of SS and DS calculation, but also used as a support tool for real-time optimization and control of SCP.     

Data-driven placemaking: Public space canopy design through multi-objective optimisation considering shading,structural and social performance

In the context of ongoing densification of cities and aging urban populations, public spaces are a crucial infrastructure to support the physical and mental wellbeing of urban residents. The design of public space furniture elements is often standardised, and not considered in relation to environmental conditions and mechanisms of social interaction. This article presents a digital workflow to generate site-specific designs for shaded public seating, considering the relationships of local public places to their surroundings. A strategy for customised and site-specific design is developed through the use of multiple software tools, employing evolutionary algorithms and multi-objective optimisation. The method is applied to a small public space canopy prototype installed within a public housing estate in Hong Kong, incorporating additional criteria to achieve a low-cost and light-weight structure. Through multiple stages of refinement and optimisation, a material, structural and social performance-driven outcome was achieved that creates a shaded space for public seating, people watching and social interaction. As part of a larger research agenda exploring architectural form-finding and environmental psychology, the project represents potential new applications in the emerging field of socially driven computational design.     

Microwave and conventional treatment of low-cement high-alumina castables with different water-to-cement ratio; Part II. Dehydration

Modern refractory castables contain between 3.5 and 5?wt.-% water that is necessary for sufficient flow during emplacement and for the formation of hydrate phases, necessary for the green strength of the material. Prior to the high temperature use of this material, it must be dried very carefully to avoid explosive spalling.This paper will demonstrate that beside conventional drying of pre-shaped materials in resistance furnaces microwave radiation is an energy saving and rapid method to remove pore water as well as hydrate bond water from the castable. In comparison to resistance furnaces, the use of microwave radiation does not affect the castable properties as there are mechanical strength (MOR, CCS), open porosity and pore size distribution. This study proved microwave radiation as valuable alternative with a series of tabular alumina based low cement castables (LLC) in which the water-to-cement-ratio (wcr = 0.64, 0.75, 0.82 and 1.13) was systematically altered by changing the cement concentration at constant mixing water concentration of 4.5%.     

Porous alumina ceramics with enhanced mechanical and thermal insulation properties based on sol-treated rice husk

To improve the properties of porous alumina ceramics, which were typically prepared by adding pore-forming agents, rice husk (RH) as pore-forming agent was pretreated with zirconia sol. The effects of sol-treatment on the thermal conductivity and compressive strength of the resultant ceramics were characterized. Furthermore, the pore size distribution, pore shape, microstructure, and phase evolution also were studied. The results showed that the RH pretreatment optimizes the microstructure of the ceramic pores. Moreover, complete morph-genetic RH is clearly observed in the pores, which is established as a key factor in improving the properties of the resultant ceramic. The thermal insulation properties are determined to significantly improve, although the thermal conductivity increases slightly with the increment of zirconia sol concentration from 5 to 10?wt%. Meanwhile, after sintering at 1550?°C, the compressive strength is significantly greater for the specimen prepared with 10?wt% zirconia sol-treated RH (65.56?MPa) than that with untreated RH (43.37?MPa). Hence, it was demonstrated that the use of zirconia sol-pretreated RH as a pore-forming agent could enhance the mechanical and thermal insulation properties of porous alumina ceramics.     

煤矸石和硅藻土对熔模石膏型性能的影响

向石膏中加入不同的耐火填料,在同一水膏比下,分别测试分析石膏浆料的流动性、凝结时间,石膏铸粉的湿强度、焙烧后的强度、线收缩率和显微组织。结果表明,煤矸石和硅藻土同时加入石膏粉中,焙烧后的石膏晶粒间搭接良好、紧密度高、铸型强度高。在煤矸石加入量为20%且硅藻土加入量为10%时,石膏浆料的流动直径为90mm,初凝时间为7min,终凝时间为17min,湿抗折强度为2.02MPa,抗压强度为2.3MPa,焙烧后的抗折强度为0.458MPa,抗压强度为1.07MPa,线收缩率为0.320%。     

喷射沉积2195铝锂合金轧制板材晶粒组织及性能控制研究

研究了喷射沉积制备2195铝锂合金锭坯挤压板坯经不同终轧温度热轧至6mm厚度板材,以及经不同中间退火后再冷轧至6mm厚度板材固溶后的晶粒组织。结果表明,终轧温度290℃时,热轧板固溶后表层为粗大再结晶晶粒,而中心层为细长纤维状晶粒;终轧温度降低至220℃时,虽然表层再结晶晶粒尺寸减小,但中心层转变为尺寸粗大的长条状再结晶晶粒。板材中尺寸1μm以上的富Cu第二相粒子数量随中间退火(空冷)温度的增加(从330℃提高至450℃)而增加;冷轧固溶后表层等轴状再结晶晶粒尺寸增加,而中心层晶粒逐渐由粗大长条状再结晶晶粒转变为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。适当温度中间退火、随炉冷却并冷轧、固溶后表层和中心层全部为细小等轴状再结晶晶粒。优化中间退火后的冷轧板材T8时效态强度最高,而终轧温度220℃的热轧板材T8时效态强度最低。     

Novel process for recrystallized silicon carbide through β-α phase transformation

A novel process was investigated to produce recrystallized silicon carbide through β-α phase transformation. The specimen was prepared from carbon and β-SiC powder mixture, first by infiltration with liquid silicon at 1500 °C to form β-SiC preform with a high density, and then by heating it further up to 2200 °C. When the β-SiC particles were transformed into α-SiC at 2200 °C, the rapid grain growth occurred of the α-SiC by consuming β-SiC particles, resulting in an interconnected network structure with huge and elongated α-SiC grains. The specimen recrystallized at 2200 °C had a measured density of 2.7 g/cm³ and strength of 134 MPa. The infiltration behavior, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the recrystallized silicon carbide were examined and discussed.     

固溶-冷速-时效对TC4-DT合金力学性能的影响

本文以Ti6Al4V-DT (TC4-DT)为研究对象，分别对其进行不同方式的固溶、冷却和时效处理，利用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机研究其显微组织、强度和塑性的变化，结果表明：强度和塑性的主要影响因素为固溶温度和冷却方式。在α+β两相区和单相区固溶并在580℃时效8小时，可以分别得到双态组织和片层组织，相变点以下随着固溶温度的提高，初生α相含量明显减少，且强度和塑性在两相区固溶更优；相变点以上固溶时，冷却速率降低会使α相片层粗化，抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐降低；在两相区固溶α相尺寸随着时效温度升高而增大，在低温时效时，由于α相的弥散强化作用使得合金强度较高。TC4-DT合金在α+β两相区860℃/1.5h固溶，550℃/8h时效处理，在空冷的状态下，可获得合金强度（1017MPa）、塑性（伸长率22%）匹配良好的综合性能。